Understanding Citizen Journalism

Citizen journalism involves private individuals, who are normally the consumers of journalism, generating their own news content. Citizens collect, report, analyze, and disseminate news and information, just as professional journalists would, creating what is known as user-generated content. These amateur journalists produce news in many forms, ranging from a podcast editorial to a report about a city council meeting on a blog, and is usually digital in nature. It can also include text, pictures, audio, and video. Social media plays a major role in disseminating news and promoting citizen journalism content. Since the general public has 24/7 access to technology, citizens are often the first on-scene for breaking news, getting these stories out more quickly than traditional media reporters. However, unlike professional journalists, citizen journalists may not have conducted the same background research and source verification, which can make these leads less reliable. Collaborations vs. Independent Reporting Citizens are able to contribute content, in one form or another, to existing professional news sites. This collaboration can be seen through readers posting their comments alongside stories written by professional reporters, like a 21st-century version of a letter to the editor. To prevent obscene or objectionable messages, many websites require readers to register in order to post. Readers are also adding their information to articles written by professional journalists. For instance, a reporter may do an article about disparities in gas prices around town. When the story appears online, readers can post information about gas prices in areas not covered in the original story and even offer tips on where to buy cheaper gas. This collaboration allows both citizen and professional journalists to craft a story together. Reporters might even ask readers with expertise in particular areas to send them information on that topic or even do some of their own reporting. That information is then incorporated into the final story. Some amateur journalists operate fully independent of traditional, professional news outlets. This can include blogs in which individuals can report on events in their communities or offer commentary on the issues of the day, YouTube channels where citizens give their own news reports and commentaries, and even unofficial print publications. Revolutionizing News Citizen journalism was once hailed as a revolution that would make news-gathering a more democratic process — one that would no longer solely be the province of professional reporters. It has had a significant impact on todays news, with many believing that citizen journalism is a threat to professional and traditional journalism. Social media has played a vital role in revolutionizing news. Many citizens are the first to report on breaking stories, with eye-witness videos, first-hand accounts, and real-time information, all using social media. Even news outlets will share breaking stories on social media before traditional means, but they have to still follow up with larger stories quickly or risk being outdated with their material in this fast-paced news environment. Social media doesnt just play a role in disseminating citizen-generated news; it also stands as a source for professional journalists to identify the stories they need to cover. A 2016 study by Cision indicated that more than 50% of professional journalists used social media to find and build stories. Despite its vast impact on our daily news, citizen journalism is not without its flaws. The biggest concern is the reliability of news, including fact-checking and the risk of incorrect information being disseminated.

Digital Intellectual Property Is The Creative,...

Digital intellectual property is the creative, intelligence, and artistic work produced by the creator whose value comes from the ideas, research, skills, and labor he/she put in. Intellectual properties are protected by the copyrights and patent law. Writing code and designing systems can be considered as intellectual property, and they are protected by the copyrights and patent law. However, in the computer software industry, there are some cases where the line between something original or simply copyright infringement is blurred out and the case between Oracle and Google for using JAVA APIs interface in Android is a good example. Google copied code from JAVA, used in their Android mobile platform, and Oracle own JAVA, sued Google for copyrights infringement. Google s Android is the most popular mobile platform in the world with more than eighty percent market share, and it is based on JAVA which was developed by Sun Microsystems and currently own by Oracle. JAVA is an open source language and open to the public to use for free. However, open source code does not allow modifying the code without licensing or publishing back the modified code in the open community. In 2007, when Google first released Android SDK beta, they have used some of the JAVA higher level interfaces that require licensing. Google knew that from the very beginning, modification of JAVA code and including them in the Android SDK is violating copyrights law yet they went on using the modified JAVAShow MoreRelatedIntellectual Property Laws Of Australia Essay2086 Words   |  9 PagesIntellectual property is a broad term that is used to refer to the rights that the owner of an invention or an artwork enjoys. An example of intellectual property law is the Trade Related A spect of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPs), which gives individual rights such as patent, designs, and trademark. 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Strategic Marketing Troubled Asset Relief Program

Question: Discuss about the Strategic Marketing for Troubled Asset Relief Program. Answer: Introduction: The background of the rationale is Sony, which has established itself as one of the leading brands in global electronic industry through innovative products. The greater success for Sony was its walkman. Sony has been dominating the stereo market since last few decades. The competitors of Sony are named Matsushita, Toshiba, Sanyo, Sharp and the Philips. The electronic giant has focused highly on the market perceptive, financial strength and the engineering skills (Aaker and Joachimsthaler 2012). The Cuban missile crisis occurred between the United States and the Soviet Union, which concerned with the American ballistic missile deployment in Italy and the Turkey (Allison 2012). The players in decisions making for social space are the US government, Secretary and the chairperson. The players in the social space were of the perspective that the company should keep on inventing new innovations and creating the modern and appealing device, that were wanted by the different demographic of the society. Therefore, according to the Public and External Forces, the economy was suffering from the subprime mortgage crisis (Hybel 2014). Sony, which deals in the business of the entertainment and the electronics, looked like there were synergies between the businesses. However, it can be stated that high degree of synergies are not the key success to the businesses (Du Gay et al. 2013). On the other hand, what makes a blockbuster in the field of entertainment does not drives success to the electronics segment. Sony loses its dominance in the television. The Company did not use the new technology. Its competitors have already used the technology that Sony used later. The technology used by the Company Sony was outdated whereas there are many new brands and new technology that dominated the entire market. The prices of the new technology that were available in the market were not so costly as compared to the other electronic products. The quality of the products that were provided by Sony was very cheap as compared to the other electronic brands. The first walkman that was launched in the market was of Sony. There were new technologies used for the walkman but it failed miserably in the market as there were other electronics and new technologies took over the market and resulted in the failure of the walkman that was totally a new concept in the market. The new technology like the one iPods, Apple iPhones and CDs killed the market for the walkmans (Baum et al. 2012). The crisis of the credit began building as the subprime mortgages in the year 2007, which spread through the mortgage industry and spread to the national and the global markets. At the time, when the focus was on the subprime industry, the credit crisis aroused in the economy. A number of events have taken in September 2008 The Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation and the Federal National Mortgage Association were placed into conservatorship by the Federal Housing Finance Agency. Lehman Brothers announced the filing of the bankruptcy and the bank of America was sold by the Merrill lynch at a total cost of $ 50 million. The bridge loan that was taken by the American International Group was around $ 40 million from the Federal Reserve Board to be in the higher authority. The Fed announced to lend up to $ 85 billion to the AIG from the Federal Reserve Bank of New York under the section 13 (3) of the Federal Reserve Act. The treasury Secretary Mr. Paulson and the fed chairperson Mr. Bernanke suggested that to take the quick legislation action because they wanted to remove the illiquid mortgage assets from the balance sheet of the financial institutions. The concentration of the TARP on the banking sector worsened and left it to rise the crisis. According to Geithner, the financial system of the US was in a much stronger position than before the crisis. Amongst the 15 largest financial institutions before the crisis, four institutions did not had their independent identities; five institutions had to restructure their capital; two of the financial institutions altered their legal policies and 10 has to settled the major changes in the senior management. The secretary noted that the total banks in United States are 7800 in numbers and the people of US are less dependent on credit with respect to the financial institutions, which are providing roughly half of the credit to the businessperson. TARP is the program that is related to the purchase of the assets and equity from the financial institutions in order to strengthen the financial condition of the economy. It was the component of the government measurement system in the year 2008, which had highlighted the subprime mortgage crisis. The TARP does not allow banks to regain the losses that incurred because of the troubled assets, but when the trading of the mentioned assets resumes, the prices will go up and the value of the investments will increase, that would result in the profit (Anthony 2014). The decisions of the TARP are severely controversial. Many taxpayers saw the government, which is helping the large businesses with the help of the TARP. The COP criticized its administration, which is with respect to the transparency and the disclosures (Wilson 2013). Reference Aaker, D.A. and Joachimsthaler, E., 2012.Brand leadership. Simon and Schuster. Allison, G., 2012. Cuban Missile Crisis at 50: Lessons for US Foreign Policy Today, The.Foreign Aff.,91, p.11. Anthony, B.W., 2014.Tax Provisions for Executive Compensation and Their Effects on Corporate Incentive Structures Following the Enactment of the Troubled Asset Relief Program(Doctoral dissertation, Texas Christian University Fort Worth, Texas). Baum, M., Hackstein, M. and Mehling, M., 2012.Strategic Marketing: Assessment of why the Sony Walkman brand lost out to iPod in terms of its position and level of demand in the marketplace. GRIN Verlag. Du Gay, P., Hall, S., Janes, L., Madsen, A.K., Mackay, H. and Negus, K., 2013.Doing cultural studies: The story of the Sony Walkman. Sage. Hybel, A.R., 2014. John F. Kennedy and the Cuban Missile Crisis. InUS Foreign Policy Decision-Making from Truman to Kennedy(pp. 155-182). Palgrave Macmillan US. Wilson, L., 2013. Troubled Asset Relief Program (TARP).The New Palgrave Dictionary of Economics,7.